1. Pilot qualifications, airworthiness, and human factors
Certificates, medical eligibility, currency, human factors, aircraft records, inspections, required equipment, and accident reporting.
- Pilot certification, medical eligibility, and currency
- Altitude physiology, carbon monoxide, and spatial disorientation
- Aeronautical decision-making and fitness for flight
- Aircraft controls, airworthiness, maintenance records, and reporting
2. Lift, drag, stalls, and stability
Pressure and airflow, drag at different speeds, load factor, ground effect, wake vortices, and propeller effects.
- Airflow, angle of attack, lift, and drag
- Stalls, load factor, and longitudinal stability
- Climbs, glides, ground effect, and wake turbulence
3. Aircraft systems and flight instruments
Pitot-static and gyro instruments, electrical supply, piston engines, fuel and induction, ice protection, and oxygen.
- Pitot-static instruments, altitude, and airspeed errors
- Electrical systems, attitude instruments, propellers, and landing gear
- Piston engines, fuel and induction, icing, and oxygen systems
4. Weather theory, reports, and forecasts
Stability, clouds, fog, fronts, thunderstorms, icing, METARs, TAFs, and current aviation weather products.
- Atmospheric processes, stability, clouds, and fog
- Fronts, thunderstorms, wind shear, and icing
- METARs, TAFs, winds aloft, advisories, and a complete briefing
5. Navigation, airspace, and VFR flight planning
Course and heading, VOR interpretation, GPS integrity, sectional charts, airspace entry, weather minimums, and flight following.
- Pilotage, heading calculations, and the VFR navigation log
- VOR, DME, GPS, and navigation-system limitations
- Charts, airport information, airspace, and VFR weather minimums
- VFR operating rules, ATC services, diversions, and lost procedures
6. Aircraft performance, loading, and fuel
Pressure and density altitude, takeoff and landing charts, climb and cruise calculations, weight and balance, and fuel reserves.
- Density altitude, wind components, and takeoff performance
- Climb, cruise, descent, landing, and fuel planning
- Weight and balance, loading changes, and CG limits
7. Airport operations and flight maneuvers
Taxi and runway procedures, takeoffs, ground-reference maneuvers, slow flight, stalls, approaches, emergencies, and night operations.
- Preflight, passenger briefing, engine start, taxi, and collision avoidance
- Normal, crosswind, short-field, and soft-field takeoffs and landings
- Ground-reference maneuvers, steep turns, slow flight, and stalls
- Basic instrument flight and inadvertent IMC
- Engine failures, emergency descents, fire, and survival equipment
- Night operations, visual illusions, and postflight procedures